Psychological Diagnosis Guide
645 PSY Psychiatry
UA Global Campus
Introduction
This brief examines the psychiatric diagnosis of Julia, a 17-year-old female with anorexia nervosa. Julia, despite her thin appearance, does not believe she has a problem seeking help. Julia’s skewed self-perception as overweight and ugly is prevalent among anorexia nervosa patients. Her drive for control and perfection to look and perform her best in her sport lead her to over workout and under eat. This makes her feel ambitious, which is why many anorexia nervosa patients choose to focus on eating less to stay slender. So, why should clinicians and psychologists use the DSM-5 to diagnose Julia’s anorexia nervosa? Why is the cognitive method best suited to Julia’s diagnosis?
Choice of Diagnostic Manual
The DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers have updated healthy weight and BMI according to age and height standards criteria for clinicians to use to evaluate patients with anorexia nervosa as of 2021. (Engelhardt et al, 2021).
As stated in the article, doctors and psychiatrists use the DSM-5 to diagnose cases of psychiatric illnesses. These guides help doctors identify disease causes, symptoms, and treatments (Rutter, 2011).
Cherry (2021) states in her essay How mental health practitioners utilize the DSM today that the diagnosis guidelines help health care providers diagnose mental diseases. The DSM-5 was chosen as the handbook and recommendations for this case study. This brochure provides information for both adults and children on various mental diseases. It is used for psychiatric diagnosis, recommendations, therapy, and insurance coverage (Cherry, 2021).
There are various reasons why it is necessary to utilize the DSM-5 as a tool for diagnosing mental disorders, including that it promotes the use of the same criteria in diagnosing patients to avoid ambiguity (Nagl et al. 2016).
This booklet aids in the differential diagnosis of diseases to discover the patient’s specific condition. Psychiatrists and clinical officers are familiar with using diagnostic guides and guidelines to identify various health conditions. These guidelines and when are supported up by research findings and validated study methodology. The usage of DSM-5 by the psychiatrist increases the possibilities of precision and correctness in recognizing the symptoms of any mental health problem (Miller, Racine & Klonsky, 2021).
Symptoms within a theoretical framework for diagnosis
Individuals’ actions are influenced by their feelings and thoughts, according to cognitive theory (Wonderlich et al 2020). Julia considers herself overweight and does not believe her diet is harmful to her health. She believes her extreme exercise and fasting are good options for her sports performance.
It was discovered in the study Anorexia Nervosa and a Lost Emotional Self: A Psychological Formulation of the Development, Maintenance, and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa that there were cognitive thought patterns about overvaluation and desiring weight loss in both adults and adolescents (Oldershaw, A., Startup, H., & Lavender, T. 2019).
The cognitive theory is concerned with how people think and how that thinking affects human conduct. In this situation, cognitive theory can be applied to Julia’s anorexia nervosa. The cognitive theory is used to highlight the patient’s issue thought and the intense care of preserving and regulating weight and body shape. Julia is really concerned with her physical appearance, thus she often skips meals and just thinks about body shape. The sickness was caused by a lack of self-esteem and confidence, as well as early bullying that criticized her body type.
It doesn’t help that she feels emotionally abandoned by her family, which can lead to feelings of poor self-worth and low self-esteem. From a cognitive perspective, Julia has the eating disorder anorexia nervosa.
Conclusion
The DSM-5 diagnosis manual was used to diagnose Julia’s anorexia nervosa. This outline supports the DSM-5 diagnostic with peer reviewed scholarly sources. There was also a discussion on how to evaluate symptoms within a cognitive theoretical approach for diagnosis.
Reference
K. (2021). Today’s therapists employ the DSM. Verywell sMind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-dsm2795758
Egberts K M Ehrlich S Roessner V Fleischhaker C von Gontard A Hahn F Jenetzky E Kaess M Legenbauer T Renner T J Schulze U M E Sinzig J Wessing I (2021). The age dependency of BMI distribution in anorexia nervosa inpatients with DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers. EC&A Psychiatry, 30(7), 1081–1094. https://doi-org.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/10.1007/s00787-020-01595-4
Gorenstein, E., & J. (2015). Psychiatric case studies (2nd ed.). Worth Publishers, 9780716772736. https://redshelf.com. It’s Your Call: The Case of Julia Miller (AE) v Racine (SE) and Klonsky (ED) (2021). Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa symptoms relate differently to BPD symptoms. ED, 29(2), 161-174.
Nagl, M., C. Jacobi, M. Paul, K. Beesdo-Baum, M. Höfler, R. Lieb et al (2016). Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in teenagers and young adults. EC&A Psychiatry, 25(8), 903-918.
Oldershaw, A., H. Startup, & T. Lavender (2019). How Anorexia Nervosa Develops, Maintains, and Is Treated Psychologically. 219, Psychological Frontiers.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00219
M. (2011). Examining the research on child psychiatric diagnosis and classification. Child Psychiatry, 52(6), 647-660.
Wonderlich, S. A., et al (2020). Anorexia nervosa: Update and clinical observations.
IJED, 53(8), 1303-1312.
Psychology homework help
Examine the case study and provide a mental diagnosis. Include a detailed description of the disorder, treatment alternatives, and a reason for the diagnosis. Give a detailed breakdown of each disorder in the diagnosis. Then provide relevant and easy-to-understand explanations for each disease within the diagnosis. Psychiatric Diagnosis must include: (1)Explain psychological concepts in the patient’s presentation. Identify the patient’s symptoms and actions in the case study. (2)Relate the symptoms to DSM-5 diseases. • Analyze and explain how the patient satisfies criteria for the disorder(s) according to the patient’s symptoms and the DSM-5 diagnostic manual’s criteria. 5 justification of DSM-5 diagnostic manual use (i.e., what research supports its validity? What are the manual’s flaws?) (6)Recap general diagnostic views from three theoretical orientations (g., cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, biological, sociocultural, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, integrative, etc.). NOTE: Make it obvious that you’re describing theoretical perspectives and using them to explain the diagnosis. Distinguish between the theoretical orientations. Your application of theoretical approaches should address the question: For example, “What produces this diagnosis cognitively?” “What causes this diagnosis?” Etc. A historical context on the diagnosis is optional. Also, you’re summarizing general diagnoses, not specific symptoms. (7)Discuss comorbidity if the diagnosis encompasses many disorders. (8)Evaluate symptoms within the framework of this diagnosis’ theoretical perspective (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, biological, sociocultural, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, integrative, etc.). NOTE: You are examining symptoms, not a diagnosis. If this diagnosis is genuine, detail which demographics are at a higher risk of acquiring the condition or being diagnosed based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Give a quick assessment of the scientific merit of these peer-reviewed sources? 10)Summarize the risk variables (biological, psychological, environmental, and/or social). (12)Evaluate well-established treatments for the diagnosis, and describe the chances of success or likely consequences for each treatment (13) Prepare an annotated bibliography of five recent peer-reviewed publications to support diagnosis and therapy recommendations. Write a two- to three- sentence appraisal of each reference’s scientific merit in the annotated bibliography.
Outline for Psychiatric Diagnosis
PSY645: Psychopathology
University of Arizona Global Campus
Introduction
This outline is aimed at examining the psychiatric diagnosis of the case study of Julia, who
is a 17-year-old female having the eating disorder Anorexia nervosa. In Julia’s case she does not
believe that she has a problem to seek help while everyone around her thought otherwise due to
her sickly emaciated image. Julia’s distorted image of herself as being fat and ugly is a common
perception amongst anorexia nervosa patients. Her need for control and perfection to look and be
best for her sport caused her to over exercise and eat very little to replenish calories. By doing
this, she feels she is being ambitious with her sport which many anorexia nervosa patients often
have a justification for why they chose to focus on eating very little to remain thin. So, why is
the DSM-5 diagnostic manual the best option for clinicians and Psychologist to utilize to
diagnose Julia’s anorexia nervosa disorder? Why is the cognitive approach the most appropriate
theoretical orientation for Julia’s diagnosis?
Justification of Chosen Diagnostic Manual
As of 2021 the DSM-5 according to this research article Age dependency of body mass index
distribution in childhood and adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa with a focus on DSM5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers have updated healthy weight and BMI
according to age and height standards criteria for clinicians to use to evaluate patients with
anorexia nervosa (Engelhardt et al, 2021).
The article Research review: Child psychiatric diagnosis and classification: Concepts, findings,
challenges, and potential discusses that clinicians and psychiatrists utilize the diagnostic and
statistical manual to diagnose cases of psychiatric diseases. The use of these manuals allows
health professionals to determine the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for various
diseases (Rutter, 2011).
Cherry (2021) in the article How mental health professionals use the DSM today discusses
that the diagnosis guidelines provide crucial information and a direction that helps in the
diagnosis of mental illnesses to the health care providers. For this case, DSM-5 was chosen as
the handbook and guidelines that can provide information regarding this case study. This booklet
offers information for both adults and children that cover different types of Mental Health
illnesses. When it comes to psychiatric diagnosis, it is utilized for diagnosis, recommendations,
therapies, and insurance coverage (Cherry, 2021).
The article Prevalence, incidence, and natural course of anorexia and bulimia nervosa
among adolescents and young adults discusses that there are several reasons why it is necessity
to use the DSM-5 as a tool for diagnosis of mental disorder because it promotes the use of the
same criteria in diagnosing the ailment of patients to avoid any ambiguities (Nagl et al. 2016).
This manual helps in undertaking a differential diagnosis of ailments to determine the exact
condition that the patient has. Psychiatrists and clinical officers usually feel at ease in identifying
various health disorders while utilizing the diagnostic manuals and guidelines. These guidelines and when
are prepared with the evidence obtained from the research and are backed up with authenticated research
methodologies. The article Symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have differential
relationships to borderline personality disorder symptoms that the chances of accuracy and correctness in
identifying the symptoms of any mental health illness increases with the use of DSM-5 by the psychiatrist
in identifying the disorders (Miller, Racine & Klonsky, 2021).
Symptoms within the context of an appropriate theoretical orientation for the diagnosis
Based on the cognitive theoretical concept, the actions of individuals are dependent on their
feelings and their thought patterns (Wonderlich et al 2020). Julia feels she is too fat and does not
feel that her choices to eat very little is detrimental for health. She feels her over exercising and
starvation methods are good choices for her sports performance to remain as thin as possible.
The research study article Anorexia Nervosa and a Lost Emotional Self: A Psychological
Formulation of the Development, Maintenance, and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa conducted a
research of 547 adolescent and 724 adult patients with anorexia nervosa and the analysis showed
that in both adults and adolescents, there were thought patterns about overvaluation and desiring
weight loss based on the cognitive theory (Oldershaw, A., Startup, H., & Lavender, T. 2019).
The cognitive theory is concerned with the thinking process of an individual and the impact of
that thinking process on the behavior of human beings. In this case, cognitive theory can be
regarded as a theoretical direction for Julia’s disorder anorexia nervosa. The cognitive theory is
employed as an example to highlight the problematic idea of the patient and intense care of
maintaining and managing the weight and body shape. The patient Julia is highly concerned with
her physical appearance because of which she often misses food and only cares about body
shape. Any solution to this disease was because of a lack of self-esteem and confidence, which
also came from some bullying in her childhood where her body shape was subjected to criticism.
It does not help that she feels that her family does not really support her emotionally which can
create inner voids of low self-worth and low self-esteem. From the cognitive theoretical
standpoint, the patient Julia can be classified and declared to be suffering from the eating
disorder anorexia nervosa.
Conclusion
The DSM-5 diagnosis manual was utilized for the psychiatric diagnosis of anorexia nervosa
for the case study of Julia. This outline justifies use of the DSM-5 for the patient’s diagnosis with
supporting peer reviewed scholarly sources. Additionally, the evaluation of symptoms within the
cognitive theoretical orientation for the diagnosis were discussed and justified with peer
reviewed scholarly sources.
Reference
Cherry, K. (2021). How mental health professionals use the DSM today. Verywell
Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-dsm2795758
Engelhardt, C., Föcker, M., Bühren, K., Dahmen, B., Becker, K., Weber, L., Correll, C. U., Egberts, K.
M., Ehrlich, S., Roessner, V., Fleischhaker, C., von Gontard, A., Hahn, F., Jenetzky, E., Kaess,
M., Legenbauer, T., Renner, T. J., Schulze, U. M. E., Sinzig, J., & Wessing, I. (2021). Age
dependency of body mass index distribution in childhood and adolescent inpatients with anorexia
nervosa with a focus on DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers. European
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(7), 1081–1094. https://doi-org.proxylibrary.ashford.edu/10.1007/s00787-020-01595-4
Gorenstein, E., & Comer, J. (2015). Case studies in abnormal psychology (2nd ed.). New York, NY:
Worth Publishers. ISBN: 9780716772736.https://redshelf.com.Case 18: You Decide: The Case of
Julia
Miller, A. E., Racine, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2021). Symptoms of anorexia nervosa and
bulimia nervosa have differential relationships to borderline personality disorder
symptoms. Eating Disorders, 29(2), 161-174.
Nagl, M., Jacobi, C., Paul, M., Beesdo-Baum, K., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H. U.
(2016). Prevalence, incidence, and natural course of anorexia and bulimia nervosa among
adolescents and young adults. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 25(8), 903-
918.
Oldershaw, A., Startup, H., & Lavender, T. (2019). Anorexia Nervosa and a Lost Emotional
Self: A Psychological Formulation of the Development, Maintenance, and Treatment of
Anorexia Nervosa. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 219.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00219
Rutter, M. (2011). Research review: Child psychiatric diagnosis and classification: Concepts,
findings, challenges and potential. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(6),
647-660.
Wonderlich, S. A., Bulik, C. M., Schmidt, U., Steiger, H., & Hoek, H. W. (2020). Severe and
enduring anorexia nervosa: Update and observations about the current clinical reality.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(8), 1303-1312.
Psychology homework help
psychology
Investigate and propose a psychiatric diagnosis based on the case study attached. Include an in-depth overview of the disorder within the diagnosis, treatment options for the diagnosis, and a sound rationale that explains why this diagnosis was made. Must present a thorough overview of each disorder within the diagnosis. Assume the audience has no prior knowledge of the disorder within the diagnosis, and provide relevant and easy to understand explanations of each for the readers. The Psychiatric Diagnosis must include the following (1)Explain psychological concepts in the patient’s presentation using professional terminology. Identify symptoms and behaviors exhibited by the patient in the chosen case study (2)Match the identified symptoms to potential disorders in the DSM-5 diagnostic manual (3)Propose a diagnosis based on the patient’s symptoms and the criteria listed for the disorder(s) in the DSM-5 diagnostic manual(4)Analyze and explain how the patient meets criteria for the disorder according to the patient’s symptoms and the criteria outlined in the DSM-5 diagnostic manual (5)Justify the use of the chosen DSM-5 diagnostic manual (i.e., What evidence supports the validity of this manual? What are limitations of this manual?)(6)Summarize general views of the diagnosis from at least three theoretical orientations (g., cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, biological, sociocultural, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, integrative, etc.). NOTE: Be clear that you are writing about theoretical orientations and using the theoretical orientations to explain the diagnosis. Do not use the theoretical orientations to discuss any therapy or treatment approaches. Your application of the theoretical orientations should answer the question: What causes this diagnosis? For example, “Based on the cognitive perspective, what causes this diagnosis?” “Based on the humanisitic perspective, what causes this diagnosis?” Etc. In addition, you may include a historical perspective on the diagnosis, but this is not required. Also note that here you are summarizing views of the overall diagnosis, not specific individual symptoms(7)Include a discussion on comorbidity if the diagnosis includes more than one disorder(8)Evaluate symptoms within the context of an appropriate theoretical orientation for this diagnosis (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, biological, sociocultural, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, integrative, etc.). NOTE: Here you are evaluating specific symptoms, not the overall diagnosis(9)Use at least two peer-reviewed articles to assess the validity of this diagnosis, and describe which demographics are at a higher risk of developing the disorder or receiving the diagnosis based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. Provide a brief evaluation of the scientific merit of these peer-reviewed sources in the validity assessment?(10)Summarize the risk factors (i.e., biological, psychological, environmental, and/or social) for the diagnosis If one of the categories is not relevant, address this within the summary(11)Compare evidence-based and non-evidence-based treatment options for the diagnosis(12)Evaluate well-established treatments for the diagnosis, and describe the likelihood of success or possible outcomes for each treatment(13)Create an annotated bibliography of five peer-reviewed references published within the last ten years to inform the diagnosis and treatment recommendation. In the annotated bibliography, write a two- to three- sentence evaluation of the scientific merit of each of these references?
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